Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

 

 

It is a combination of variety of symptoms occurring about 1 or 2 weeks before the expected menses and soon recedes in 1 to 2 days once menses start. It is most commonly found in women in the age group of 20 to 30. Almost every three out of four menstruating women experience symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The pattern of onset, duration, progress, and symptoms are specific to each woman.

 

 

The exact cause of PMS is unknown. Following are some causative factors that are said to be responsible for the variety of PMS symptoms.

1. Changes in hormones during menstrual cycle

2. Changes in neurotransmitters (chemicals in brain) which affect mood, e.g., serotonin

3. Personal or family history of depression

4. Stress

5. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals

 

 

Common symptoms and signs are:

1. Breast tenderness

2. Bloating or heaviness in abdomen

3. Headache

4. Constipation or diarrhea

5. Acne

6. Food cravings

7. Muscle pains

8. Weight gain due to fluid retention

9. Irritability

10. Mood swings

 

 

There is no specific test to diagnose PMS. A complete medical history and clinical examination can direct the physician towards diagnosis of PMS. Affected women should keep a track of these symptoms in a diary for at least 3 months. This can help the physician to confirm diagnosis and rule out other disorders.

 

 

Treatment and prevention include:

 

1. Drink plenty of water or fruit juices.

2. Avoid intake of alcohol, soft drinks, or caffeine containing beverages.

3. Avoid excess salt or salty foods that can cause fluid retention.

4. Eat balanced healthy food containing vegetables, fiber, less salt, and fruits.

5. Include nutrition supplements such as calcium, magnesium, vitamin B complex if required

6. Do regular exercises, yoga, aerobics, swimming, or jogging for at least 30 minutes a day for physical fitness and refreshment.

7. Take proper sleep.

8. Medications include, painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which can be prescribed for headache, backache, menstrual cramping, and breast tenderness.

 

 

Sometimes the symptoms of PMS can get so severe that they affect daily routine activities of women.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS with signs and symptoms including severe depression, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and tension. Some women tend to suicide out of depression or PMDD.