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Fenugreek Seeds

Fenugreek seeds
Fenugreek is a clover-like herb which has many potential health-benefiting properties. Its seeds and powder are used as a spice all over the world due to their slightly sweet and nutty flavor. In the Ayurveda textbook, the properties of fenugreek are described as:

मेथिका वातशमनी श्लेष्मघ्नी ज्वरनाशिनी | ततः स्वल्पगुणा बल्या वाजिनां सा तु पूजिता ||

Fenugreek helps control Vata-Kapha. It contains certain properties which can help control fever. It may also improve general weakness because of its Balya (strength providing) nature.
Fenugreek is considered very potent in improving the overall sexual health of males. It helps boost testosterone levels and increase sperm count. The seeds may also be useful in diabetes when taken daily before breakfast, as they are high in fiber which may help in controlling blood sugar levels. Fenugreek also has anti-inflammatory properties which can be beneficial in reducing pain and swelling in arthritic conditions. The seeds are also used to manage menstrual cramps and postmenopausal vaginal dryness.
Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of protein and nicotinic acid that help promote hair growth. The seeds can be grounded and mixed with coconut oil to form a paste-like consistency. The mix can then be applied to the scalp as a shampoo, two times a day. You can also apply Fenugreek seeds cream to keep the skin hydrated.
It is important to know that Fenugreek seeds may cause gastrointestinal disturbances like diarrhea, bloating, and flatulence[1][6][13].

What are the synonyms of Fenugreek Seeds?

Trigonella foenum-graecum, Methi, Menthe, Mente, Uluva, Mendium, Ventaiyam, Mentulu, Medhika, Peetbeeja

What is the source of Fenugreek Seeds?

Plant Based

Benefits of Fenugreek Seeds

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Gout?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might reduce pain and improve mobility in patients suffering from gout due to its anti-inflammatory property[18].
Tips:
1. Take 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Soak it in 1 cup of water overnight.
3. Take the mixture (seeds along with water) in the morning.
4. Continue this for 1-2 months for better results.

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Diabetes?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds can help lower the risk of developing diabetes. Fenugreek seeds contain galactomannan and essential amino acids. Galactomannan lowers blood sugar level and essential amino acids improve insulin level in the blood. Together, this helps in managing diabetes[1][9].
Tips:
1. Take 1-2 teaspoons of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Boil it in 1 cup of water for 10 minutes.
3. Strain to separate the seeds from the water.
4. Drink this Fenugreek tea 1-2 times a day.
5. Continue this for 1-2 months for better results.

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Male infertility?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might be useful for male infertility. Fenugreek seeds might improve sexual performance by enhancing testosterone secretion and improving sperm quality. Thus it might be effective in male infertility and other sexual disorders like erectile dysfunction[13].
Tips:
1. Take 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Saute it in 1 tablespoon ghee for about 5 minutes.
3. Take it with a glass of milk before going to bed.

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Constipation?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might be useful in constipation. Fenugreek seeds have high content of soluble fiber called mucilage. When this soluble fiber absorbs water in the intestines, it swells up and increases the bulk in the stool. This triggers contractions in the intestine and pushes the stool smoothly. Thus, consuming Fenugreek seeds along with water eases constipation.
Tips:
1. Take 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Boil it in 2 cups of water.
3. Cool and have this mixture (seeds along with water) on an empty stomach in the morning daily.
4. Continue for at least 1-2 months for better results.
Or,
5. Soak 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds for 2-3 hours.
6. When the seeds swell, make a smooth paste.
7. Consume it with 1 glass of water[17].

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Obesity?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might be useful for weight management. Fenugreek seeds contain galactomannan which curbs your appetite and makes you feel full. This makes you less hungry as a result of which you tend to eat less. Fenugreek seed is also a rich source of soluble fibers which increases your metabolism and triggers fat burning. A study said that Fenugreek seeds have antioxidant and anti-cholesterol properties. This prevents the accumulation of fat and improves the metabolism of lipids and glucose that help in weight loss[9].
Tips:
1. Take 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Wash and soak them in 1 cup of water overnight.
3. Separate the seeds from water in the morning.
4. Chew the wet seeds on an empty stomach.
5. Repeat this daily for 1 month for better results.

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for High cholesterol?

scientific
Modern Science View
Naringenin in Fenugreek seeds might lower the level of bad cholesterol (LDL) or low-density lipoprotein, total blood cholesterol and triglycerides. Fenugreek seeds also contain steroidal saponins which slow the rate at which the liver produces cholesterol as well as prevent the body from absorbing it.
Tips:
1. Dry roast 1 cup of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Let it cool to room temperature.
3. Grind them into a smooth and fine powder.
4. Store it in an air-tight jar or bottle.
5. Prepare a mixture by adding 1/2 teaspoon of this powder to 1/2 glass of water and drink twice daily.
6. Continue for at least 1-2 months for better results[15][16].

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seed has anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-anxiety properties. This helps to reduce premenstural symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, mood swings and fatigue[11].
Tips:
1. Take 2-3 teaspoons of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Add them to 1 bottle of hot water.
3. Let it stand overnight.
4. Strain this mixture to separate the seeds from the water.
5. Drink this Fenugreek water on an empty stomach in the morning daily for the first 3 days of the menstrual period.
6. You can add honey to remove the bitterness of this drink.

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Sore throat?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might provide relief in case of sore throat. A study states that Fenugreek seeds contain a compound called mucilage which lowers the pain and irritation associated with a sore throat.
Tips:
1. Take 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Boil it in 2 cups of water till it comes to a rolling boil.
3. Simmer the flame and allow it to boil for another 15 minutes.
4. Once the water changes color (after 15 minutes), remove it from the flame and allow it to cool to a drinkable warm temperature.
5. Use this water while it is still warm to gargle.
6. Repeat it twice a day.
7. If the sore throat is severe, you can use it to gargle three times a day[19].

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Heartburn?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might lower the pain and discomfort associated with heartburn. A study states that Fenugreek seeds contain a soluble fiber called mucilage which coats the inner lining of the stomach and soothes gastric inflammation and reduces irritation.
Tips:
1.Take 1/2 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Soak them overnight in a glass of water.
3. Consume (water with seeds) on an empty stomach in the morning[14].

How effective is Fenugreek Seeds?

Likely effective
Diabetes
Insufficient evidence
Constipation, Gout, Heartburn, High cholesterol, Male infertility, Obesity, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Sore throat

Precautions when using Fenugreek Seeds

Advice from Experts
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Due to its hot potency, a high dose of Fenugreek seeds can lead to burning sensation in the stomach.
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Fenugreek seeds should be taken in a small amount or for a short duration in patients suffering from piles or fistula.
Moderate Medicine Interaction
scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might slow blood clotting and may increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. So it is advisable to consult your doctor while taking Fenugreek seeds along with anti-coagulant or anti-platelet drugs[5][12].
Other Interaction
scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might decrease the blood potassium levels. So it is generally advised to monitor the blood potassium levels regularly while taking Fenugreek seeds along with potassium-lowering drugs[12].
Patients with diabetes
Important
scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds may lower blood glucose level in people with diabetes. So it is generally advised to monitor the blood glucose level regularly while taking Fenugreek seeds along with anti-diabetic drugs[12].
Side Effects
Important
scientific
Modern Science View
1. Dizziness
2. Diarrhea
3. Bloating
4. Gas
5. Face swelling
6. Coughing[5][12].

Recommended Dosage of Fenugreek Seeds

  • Fenugreek Seeds Powder - ¼ to ½ teaspoon twice a day
  • Fenugreek Seeds Capsule - 1-2 capsule twice a day.

How to use Fenugreek Seeds

1. Fenugreek Fresh Leaves
a. Chew Fenugreek leaves.
b. Take them preferably empty stomach, to get rid of gut and intestinal infections.

2. Fenugreek Seeds Churna
a. Take ¼ to ½ teaspoon of Fenugreek churna.
b. Mix it with honey and take preferably after meals, twice a day.

3. Fenugreek Seeds Capsule
a. Take 1-2 Fenugreek capsules.
b. Swallow it with water after meals twice a day.

4. Fenugreek Seeds Water
a. Take 2-3 teaspoons of Fenugreek seeds.
b. Add them to 1 bottle of hot water.
c. Let it stand overnight.
d. Drink Fenugreek water on an empty stomach in the morning to relieve menstrual cramps and to manage weight[11].

Benefits of Fenugreek Seeds

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Hair loss?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might prevent hair fall if used regularly.
Fenugreek seed is a rich source of protein and nicotinic acid which promotes hair growth. It strengthens the hair root and prevents excessive hair fall. Hence, Fenugreek seed is considered good for preventing hair fall[6].
Tips:
1. Take 2 tablespoons of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Crush it well using a grinder.
3. Transfer it to a bowl and add 1 tablespoon of coconut oil or olive oil to it.
4. Mix both the ingredients well and apply this paste to your hair, mostly the roots.
5. Let it dry for 30 minutes, and then wash it off with a mild shampoo.
6. Repeat this twice a week.
7. Continue this process for 1-2 months for better results.

What are the benefits of Fenugreek Seeds for Dry and chapped lips?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek seeds might help get rid of dry and chapped lips.
Fenugreek seed is a rich source of vitamins such as vitamin B which helps manage dry and chapped lips[5].
Tips:
1. Take 1 teaspoon of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Crush it well using a grinder.
3. Make a smooth paste with water.
4. Apply this paste on your lips and leave it for 15-20 minutes.
5. Wash it off with plain water.
6. Repeat this thrice a week.
7. Continue this for 1 month for better results.

How effective is Fenugreek Seeds?

Insufficient evidence
Dry and chapped lips, Hair loss

Precautions when using Fenugreek Seeds

Allergy
scientific
Modern Science View
Apply Fenugreek to a small area first to test for possible allergic reaction[12].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Fenugreek Seed or leaves paste should be used with rose water or honey if your skin is hypersensitive.

Recommended Dosage of Fenugreek Seeds

  • Fenugreek Seeds Paste - ¼ to ½ teaspoon or as per your requirement.
  • Fenugreek Seeds Powder - ½ - 1 teaspoon or as per your requirement.

How to use Fenugreek Seeds

1. Fenugreek-Rose Water pack
a. Take 1-2 teaspoons of Fenugreek leaves or seed paste.
b. Mix it with rose water to form a thick paste.
c. Apply evenly over the affected area.
d. Let it stand for 5-10 mins.
e. Wash thoroughly with tap water.
f. Use this remedy three times a week to get rid of bacterial infections.

2. Fenugreek Seed oil with Honey
a. Take 2-3 drops of Fenugreek seed oil.
b. Mix it with honey and apply evenly on face and neck.
c. Let it sit for 5-7 mins.
d. Wash thoroughly with tap water.
e. Use this remedy twice a week to get rid of acne and scars

3. Fenugreek Seeds in Coconut oil
a. Take 2-3 drops of Fenugreek seed oil.
b. Mix it with coconut oil and apply evenly on hair and scalp and keep it overnight.
c. Wash thoroughly with shampoo next morning.
d. Use this remedy once a week to get rid of hair fall.

4. Fenugreek Seeds Hair Conditioner
a. Soak 2 teaspoons of Fenugreek seeds in water
b. Let it sit overnight.
c. Rinse your hair with Fenugreek seeds water after application of shampoo to get rid of dandruff.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Can I take Fenugreek with prescription and non-prescription medicines?

scientific
Modern Science View
Although Fenugreek seeds are safe and well tolerated, you should use it with caution. Following are the interactions of Fenugreek seeds with prescription and non-prescription drugs:
1. Fenugreek seeds might decrease the blood potassium levels. So it is generally advised to monitor the blood potassium levels regularly while taking Fenugreek seeds along with potassium-lowering drugs[12].
2. Fenugreek seeds might slow blood clotting and may increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. So please consult your doctor if you are on anti-coagulant and anti-platelet drugs while taking Fenugreek seeds.[5][12].
3. Fenugreek seeds may lower blood glucose level in people with diabetes. So it is generally advised to monitor the blood glucose level regularly while taking Fenugreek seeds along with anti-diabetic drugs[12].

Q. What are the health benefits of Fenugreek powder?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek powder has various health benefits. It helps lower the levels of cholesterol in the body, reduces inflammation, controls appetite and prevents damage due to free radicals due to its antioxidant activity[21].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Fenugreek powder helps in the management of conditions like indigestion or loss of appetite. These conditions occur due to an imbalance of Pitta dosha. Fenugreek helps to manage these conditions due to its Deepan (appetiser) and Pachan (digestion) properties. This helps to improve your digestion and enhance your appetite.
Tips:
1. Take 3-5 grams of Fenugreek powder with water about half an hour before meals.
2. Repeat it daily for better results

Q. Does Fenugreek increase testosterone levels in men?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek might help increase the level of testosterone in men due to its androgenic (development of male characteristics) property. Certain constituent present in Fenugreek increase the sperm count and enhance sex drive in males due to their aphrodisiac activity. It also helps improve the sexual health of males[13].

Q. Q. Does Fenugreek help improve breast milk production?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek helps improve the production of breast milk. It increases the level of a hormone known as prolactin, which stimulates breast growth, development and stimulates breast milk production[26].

Q. Does Fenugreek Help reduce pain due to arthritis?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek might help reduce pain due to arthritis as it has anti-inflammatory activity. Certain constituents present in Fenugreek inhibit the activity of an inflammation-causing protein that help reduce joint pain and swelling associated with arthritis[27].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Yes, Fenugreek might help to reduce pain due to arthritis. Arthritic pain occurs due to an imbalance of Vata dosha. Fenugreek helps reduce the pain due to its Vata balancing property and provides relief.
Tips:
1. Take ¼ to ½ teaspoon of Fenugreek churna.
2. Mix it with honey and take preferably after meals, twice a day.

Q. Does Fenugreek help protect the liver?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek might help in liver protection due to its antioxidant property. It fights against the free radical damage to the liver cells. This reduces the accumulation of fat and prevents liver enlargement[29].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Yes, Fenugreek helps to protect the liver and manages certain liver-related conditions like indigestion or loss of appetite. These conditions occur due to an imbalance of Pitta dosha. Fenugreek helps to improve your digestion and enhance your appetite due to its Deepan (appetiser) and Pachan (digestion) properties.

Q. Is Fenugreek useful for kidney stones?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek might be useful for kidney stones as it reduces the amount of calcium oxalate in the kidneys that cause the production of kidney stones. It also reduces calcification and the amount of calcium in the kidney thereby reducing the build up of stones in the kidney[30].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Kidney stone occurs due to the imbalance of Vata and Kapha dosha which leads to the formation and accumulation of toxins in the form of stones. Fenugreek helps prevent the formation of toxins and might help in its removal due to its Vata and Kapha balancing properties.

Q. What are the health benefits of eating Fenugreek during pregnancy?

scientific
Modern Science View
Fenugreek has antioxidants that play an important role during pregnancy. The antioxidant property of Fenugreek may be considered beneficial for gestation as well as lactation because the antioxidants can pass through the placenta to the fetus and helps in fetus development. It also helps in controlling body weight as well act as a lactating agent that stimulates breast milk production[28].

Q. Is Fenugreek seed good for hair?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek seeds are good for hair. Fenugreek seed is a rich source of protein and nicotinic acid which promotes hair growth. It strengthens the hair root and prevents excessive hair fall. Hence, Fenugreek seed is considered good for preventing baldness[6].
Tips:
1. Take 2 tablespoons of Fenugreek seeds.
2. Crush it well using a grinder.
3. Transfer it to a bowl and add 1 tablespoon of coconut oil or olive oil to it.
4. Mix both the ingredients well and apply this paste to your hair, mostly the roots.
5. Let it dry for 30 minutes, and then wash it off with a mild shampoo.
6. Repeat this twice a week.
7. Continue this process for 1-2 months for better results.

Q. Is Fenugreek seed good for skin?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek seeds are good for skin due to its antioxidant property. It lowers the level of free radicals and slows down the aging process. As a result, the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles reduces to some extent. Fenugreek seed might also be good for acne. It has anti-inflammatory property which reduces redness and swelling around acne[7][8][20].

Q. Can Fenugreek be used for skin whitening?

scientific
Modern Science View
The topical application of Fenugreek seeds cream contains certain constituents that help in hydrating the skin. It also helps to protect the skin against free radicals and prevents skin aging and promotes elasticity due to its antioxidant property. This might also help promote skin whitening. Fenugreek is widely used in the cosmetic industry and can be applied on the skin in the form of a cream[22][23].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Yes, Fenugreek might help in skin whitening due to its Rooksh (dry) property. It helps to reduce excessive oiliness of the skin and enhances the natural skin glow.
Tips
1. Take 2-3 drops of Fenugreek seed oil.
2. Mix it with honey and apply evenly on face and neck.
3. Let it sit for 5-7 minutes.
4. Wash thoroughly with tap water.
5. Use this remedy twice a week to get naturally glowing skin.

Q. Can Fenugreek be used to manage dandruff?

scientific
Modern Science View
Yes, Fenugreek is used to manage dandruff due to its antifungal property. The fungus attaches to the hair and inhibits hair growth. Fenugreek fights against fungal infections and found to be effective as an anti-dandruff agent[24][25].
ayurvedic
Ayurvedic View
Yes, Fenugreek might help to manage dandruff. Dandruff is the condition which occurs due to the imbalance of Vata-Kapha dosha. Fenugreek helps to prevent damage to the scalp thereby preventing dandruff due to its Vata and Kapha balancing properties.
Tips:
1. Soak 2 teaspoons of Fenugreek seeds in water.
2. Let it sit overnight.
3. Rinse your hair with Fenugreek seeds water after application of shampoo to get rid of dandruff.

References

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  2. Wang H, Liu T, Huang D.Starch hydrolase inhibitors from edible plants.Adv Food Nutr Res.2013;70:103-136.
  3. Wani SA, Kumar P. Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products.Saudi J Biol Sci.2018;17(2):97-106.
  4. Asghar A, Irshad MA, Majeed M.7 – Elucidating the therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals.Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry.2016; 4:231–270.
  5. WebMD.Fenugreek: Uses, Side-effects, Interactions, Dosage[Internet][Atlanta.2016].
  6. Russel K.Yoga for Hair Growth.Inner Light Publishers,2016.
  7. Dixit P, Ghaskadbi S, Mohan H.Antioxidant properties of germinated Fenugreek seeds.Phytother Res.2005;19(11):977-983.
  8. Helen M.Dry Skin Care Solutions: 21 Completely Natural Remedies for Achieving.AET Publishing.2013.
  9. Kumar P, Bhandari U, Jamadagni S.Fenugreek seed extract inhibit fat accumulation and ameliorates dyslipidemia in high fat diet-induced obese rats.Biomed Res Int.2014;2014:606021.
  10. Small E.Top 100 Exotic Food Plants.Taylor and Francis group.2017:708.
  11. Younesy S, Amiraliakbari S, Esmaeili S.Effects of Fenugreek seed on the severity and systemic symptoms of dysmenorrhea.J Reprod Infertil.2014;15(1):41–48.
  12. Ulbricht CE.Natural Standard:Herb and Supplement Guide, An Evidence Based Reference.Elsevier.2010.
  13. Maheshwari A, Verma N, Swaroop A, et al.Efficacy of FurosapTM, a novel Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract, in enhancing testosterone level and improving sperm profile in male volunteers.Int J Med Sci.2017;14(1):58–66.
  14. Di Silvestro RA, Verbruggen MA, Offutt EJ.Anti-heartburn effects of a Fenugreek fiber product.Phytother Res.2011;25(1):88-91.
  15. Belguith-Hadriche O, Bouaziz M, Jamoussi K, et al.Lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects of an ethyl acetate extract of Fenugreek seeds in high-cholesterol-fed rats.J Agric Food Chem.2010;58(4):2116-22.
  16. Sauvaire Y, Ribes G, Baccou JC, et al. Implication of steroid saponins and sapogenins in the hypocholesterolemic effect of Fenugreek.Lipids.1991;26:191-7.
  17. Duke JA.The Green Pharmacy Herbal Handbook: Your Comprehensive Reference to the Best Herbs for Healing.2000.
  18. Vyas S, Agrawal RP, Solanki P, et al.Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum (seed) extract.Acta Pol Pharm. 2008;65(4):473-476.
  19. Yadav R, Kaushik R, Gupta D.The health benefits of Trigonella foenum-graecum: A review.IJERA.2011;1(1):32-35.
  20. Bae MJ, Shin HS, Choi DW, et al.Antiallergic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. extracts on allergic skin inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride in BALB/c mice.J Ethnopharmacol.2012;144(3):514-22.
  21. Al-Asadi JN.Therapeutic Uses of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).AJSIH.2014; Special Issue Mar/Apr:21-36.External Link
  22. Akhtar N, Waqas MK, Ahmed M, et al.Effect of cream formulation of Fenugreek seed extract on some mechanical parameters of human skin.Trop J Pharm Res.2010;9(4):329-337.External Link
  23. Waqas MK, Akhtar N, Ahmad M, et al.Formulation and characterization of a cream containing extract of Fenugreek seeds.Polish pharmaceutical society.2010;67(2):173-178.External Link
  24. Dharajiya D, Jasani H, Khatrani T, et al.Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - Graecum) extracts.International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences.2016;8(4):212-217.External Link
  25. Verma V, Saxena R, Garg P, et al. Effect of germinated seeds of Fenugreek on Malasseizia furfur from hair dandruff.International journal of current research.2011;3(4):322-323.External Link
  26. Khan TM , Chia wu DB,Dolzhenko AV.Effectiveness of fenugreek as a galactagogue: A network meta‐analysis.Phytotherapy research.2017;32(S1):1-11.External Link
  27. Pundarikakshudu K, Shah DH, Panchal AH, et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn) seed petroleum ether extract.Indian J Pharmacol.2016;48(4):441-444.External Link
  28. Sharma R,Jaitawat A, Kantwa SM, et al.Role of Garlic and Fenugreek during Gestation and Lactation: A Review.Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology.2014;4(5):265-279.External Link
  29. Dixit P, Ghaskadbi S, Mohan H, et al.Antioxidant Properties of Germinated Fenugreek Seeds.Phytotherapy research.2005;19:977-983.External Link
  30. Shekha MS, Qadir AB, Ali HH, et al.Effect of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on Ethylene Glycol Induced Kidney Stone in Rats.JJBS.2014;7(4):257-260.External Link
Disclaimer
The content is purely informative and educational in nature and should not be construed as medical advice. Please use the content only in consultation with an appropriate certified medical or healthcare professional.

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